Understanding Ethical Concerns in Bandura's 1961 Study

Which ethical concern was raised regarding Bandura et al (1961) study?

• A. Informed consent was not obtained
• B. Participants were debriefed after the study
• C. Lack of protection from psychological harm
• D. All participants were adults

Answer: (C)

The study conducted by Bandura et al. in 1961 is widely critiqued for its lack of protection from psychological harm, which is a significant ethical concern. The children involved in the experiment were exposed to aggressive behaviors modeled by an adult in the presence of both aggressive and non-aggressive stimuli. While the study aimed to explore social learning, the potential psychological distress that some children may have experienced from observing such aggressive actions is a critical issue. Children are particularly vulnerable participants, and the ethical responsibility of researchers includes ensuring their emotional and psychological wellbeing. This concern raises questions about the appropriateness of exposing children to such stimuli without sufficient safeguards in place. The other options relate to different aspects of ethical considerations. For instance, the matter of informed consent typically applies to adult participants who can understand the implications of their participation, but children often require parental consent. Debriefing is an important part of ethical research practice; however, in this particular study, the emphasis is on the potential for psychological harm rather than the processes of informed consent or debriefing. Lastly, the point that all participants were adults does not apply to Bandura's study, which primarily involved children, making that aspect irrelevant to the ethical considerations raised.

When discussing psychological research, it's crucial to not just consider the outcomes but also the ethical implications surrounding them. One soaring example is Albert Bandura’s 1961 study, often admired for its insights into social learning theory. But here's the kicker: this study raised some serious ethical eyebrows—particularly concerning the psychological harm to child participants. You know what? It’s important to lend an ear to these ethical concerns because they shape how we understand research today.

Bandura's Groundbreaking Experiment

Bandura’s experiment aimed to demonstrate how children learn behaviors through observation. Picture this: a group of kids watches an adult model—some displaying aggressive behaviors towards a bobo doll, while others show non-aggressive behaviors. The idea is simple: if kids see aggression, they might mimic it. While the study unveiled groundbreaking insights, the ethical implications are far from straightforward, especially regarding the emotional wellbeing of those children involved.

The Elephant in the Room: Psychological Harm

So, what’s the crux of the ethical concern? It’s the potential for psychological harm. The children in the study were exposed to aggressive behaviors, and many critics argue that this exposure could lead to emotional distress. It’s fair to say that children are, inherently, more vulnerable participants in research. Imagine witnessing aggressive actions as a kid—your little mind might latch onto that! It’s not just about seeing, but also how those experiences can imprint on their emotional development.

Informed Consent and Debriefing: Other Ethical Dimensions

Another layer to this ethical onion is informed consent. Generally, this concept refers to ensuring that participants understand what they’re signing up for. For adult participants, this is pretty straightforward. But for children? Well, it becomes a bit messier as parent consent typically comes into play. It's not the same transparency level we'd expect with adults. And while debriefing is essential in ethical research—it promises that participants understand the study's nature and purposes—here, the focus drifts back to the psychological risks children faced with little to no safeguards.

Why Does All This Matter?

You might be asking, “Why should I care about these ethical concerns?” Great question! Understanding the ethical implications behind research like Bandura's helps to build a framework for how we conduct studies today. It informs us about the boundaries we need to respect, especially when involving vulnerable populations like children. After all, fostering a research environment that prioritizes wellbeing is just as critical as the pursuit of knowledge.

Drawing from the Past to Inform the Future

So, as we dissect Bandura’s legacy, it's essential to engage with these ethical concerns. They’re more than just academic discussions; they resonate deeply within the broader context of psychological research and its guiding principles. By critically evaluating cases like Bandura's study, we can navigate the complexities of research ethics and ensure we have the safeguards necessary to protect participants in future investigations.

In conclusion, while Bandura’s work opened up conversations about social learning, it also reminds us to prioritize the ethical dimensions of psychological research. So as you gear up for your A Level Psychology OCR exam, keep this knowledge in your back pocket—it’s not just about what we discover, but how we protect those who help us discover it.