A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What did Van Leeuwen et al compare in their study?

1. Intellectual abilities of siblings

2. Intellectual abilities of adopted and biological children

3. Intellectual abilities of twins only

4. Intellectual abilities of parents only

The correct answer is: Intellectual abilities of adopted and biological children

Van Leeuwen et al. conducted a study that specifically focused on comparing the intellectual abilities of adopted children with those of their biological siblings. This research is significant as it helps to elucidate the roles of genetics and environment in the development of intelligence. By looking at both adopted and biological children, the study aimed to determine the extent to which intelligence is influenced by hereditary factors as opposed to environmental factors, such as upbringing and social context. The choice to examine adopted children alongside their biological counterparts allows researchers to isolate genetic influences, as adopted children typically do not share the same environment as their biological parents. This distinction is key in understanding the nature vs. nurture debate within psychology, providing valuable insights into how intelligence may be shaped by both inherited traits and external experiences.