A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

What could be a limitation of random sampling as identified in Baron-Cohen's study?

1. Selection bias

2. High response rates

3. Unrepresentative sample

4. Difficulty obtaining participants

The correct answer is: Unrepresentative sample

In the context of Baron-Cohen's study, the selection of participants through random sampling can indeed lead to an unrepresentative sample, which is a significant limitation. Random sampling aims to give each member of a population an equal chance of being selected. However, this method does not guarantee that the characteristics of the sample will accurately reflect those of the broader population, particularly in studies involving specific populations such as individuals with autism spectrum conditions. For instance, if the study includes a random sample of the general population, it may not capture the unique traits, perspectives, or experiences of individuals with autism, leading to findings that are not applicable or relevant to that specific group. Consequently, if the sample is unrepresentative, the validity of the research results and their generalizations about autism could be compromised, affecting the conclusions drawn from the study. Other potential limitations, such as response rates or difficulties in obtaining participants, do not specifically point to the nature of the sample itself and its ability to represent the intended population accurately, which is the core issue with unrepresentative sampling in Baron-Cohen's research context.