A Level Psychology OCR Practice Exam

In Levine et al's study, what was the sample used to collect data on helping behavior?

1. Volunteer participants from universities

2. Data from tourists in major cities

3. Data from 23 countries' cities

4. Responses from online surveys

The correct answer is: Data from 23 countries' cities

The correct answer highlights that Levine et al. gathered data from cities across 23 different countries. This approach allowed the researchers to examine helping behavior in a diverse range of cultural contexts and environments. By collecting data in this way, the study aimed to assess whether situational and cultural factors influenced individuals' willingness to assist others, which contributes significantly to the field of social psychology. Using a wide-ranging sample enhances the generalizability of the findings, as it encompasses a variety of social norms and behaviors that are influenced by cultural backgrounds. This multinational perspective is critical in understanding the nuances of helping behavior, as different cultures may have different predispositions toward altruism and social responsibility. Other options, such as using volunteer participants from universities or responses from online surveys, would limit the scope and diversity of the sample. Focusing on tourists in major cities would provide a more narrow view, as tourists may not represent the typical helping behavior of residents in those cities. By selecting a broader and more varied sample, Levine et al.'s study adds depth and validity to the exploration of helping behavior across different cultural contexts.