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Approximately how many passengers were sampled in the Piliavin et al. study?

  1. 3500

  2. 4000

  3. 4450

  4. 5000

The correct answer is: 4450

The Piliavin et al. study, which explored bystander behavior and the impact of various factors on the likelihood of offering help, sampled approximately 4450 passengers. This study was conducted on the New York City subway, where the researchers observed real-life situations to collect data on how individuals responded to a person in distress. The relatively large sample size was critical because it provided a more robust dataset that helped researchers analyze patterns in helping behavior across different racial and situational contexts. The choice of 4450 allows for greater generalization of the findings related to social psychology and situational variables influencing decisions to help others.